g]kfndf dxfe"sDk
kl5sf] kl/jt{gM d]/f] cg'ej
;'/]z tfdfË
ljut s]lx dlxgf
lardf k6s k6s ;g\ @)!% df uPsf] e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnfx?sf] :ynut
e|d0f ug]{ cj;/ ldNof]] . h;df pQm ljgf;sf/L e"sDk kl5sf] kl/jt{gsf] af/]df
vf]htnf; ug]{ d]/f] d"n nIo lyof] . vf;u/L ls;fgx?sf] lbgrof{, hldg, s[lif
pTkfbg, hLljsf]kfh{g / vf]ltkftL tyf vfgkLg cflbsf af/]df Ps ;fgf] cWoog ug]{ xfd|f]
lhDdf lyof] . o; kl/jl{tt cj:yfs]f c;/ cfd hgtfsf] kf]if0f / :jf:Yodf ;d]t kg]{
ePsf]n] klg of] cWoogdf d dlDdlnt lyPF .
o; lznlznfdf e"sDkaf6 lkl8t cfd ;d'bfo tyf :yflgo ;/sf/L Pa+
u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglwx?;+u k|ToIf cGts[of ug]{ cj;/ klg ldNof] . o;
s|ddf sltko s'/fx? cjnf]sg, dggsf ;fy} lkl8tx?sf] j]bgfsf dfld{s syfx? ;'Gg
;d]t kfOof] .
Psflt/
e"sDksf] rf]6 ef]u]sf kl/jf/x? cem} klg ;/sf/af6 s]lx /fxt k|fKt x'g]
cfzfdf /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? vf;u/L 3/ k"glgdf{0fsf nflu cg'bfg /sdsf] bf];|f]
ls:tfsf] k|ltIffdf cNem]sf] kfOof] . h;dWo] sltko dflg;x? cfkm\gf] 3/ agfpg
;Ifd / tTk/ ePklg kl5 ;/sf/L emd]nfdf kl/g] / tf]lsPsf] dfk808 gldNnf ls eGg]
tyf cfkm}n] agfP kl5 ;/sf/L ;xof]u sfl6g] xf] ls eGg] h:tf cb[Zo eodf /xsf]
kfOof] . csf{lt/ c:yfO 5fk|f d"lgsf] a;fO, vfglkgdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / cGo
c;'ljwfsf] t s'/} 5f8f}{+, cfd hgtfsf] dgf];fdflhs / ef}lts :jf:Yosf] kf6f] t plts}
hl6n /xsf] dxz'; eof] . e"sDkkl5sf] tTsfnlng /fxt ljt/0fsf] cj:yf b]lv cfh
;Dd cfOk'Ubf sl/j @%, @^ dlxgf lalt;s]sf] 5 . :yflgo ;j{;fwf/0f s[ifs / vf;u/L
kl/jf/df hLljt afFsL /x]sf ;b:ox?sf] ljljw ef]ufO{ ePklg ;fdfGotf lgDg d"n
kl/jt{gx? ePsf] xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOof] .
!= tTsfnsf
nlfu cfPsf] /fxt ljt/0f b]lv cfh;Dd klg sltko ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf tkm{af6 k|fKt
;xof]u / sfo{s|dsf nflu ;xefuL / ;]jfu|fxL 5gf}6df ;dfg'kflts / Gofof]lrt ljt/0f
gePsf] u'gf;f]x? k|z:t ;'lgof] . sltko ufpFsf cln wgL au{nfO{ t z'?df /fxt
yflkxfNg sl7g ePsf] lyof] . t/ kl5 afWotfn] lng k/]sf] / sltko cj:yfdf 3/el/
;+slnt ;fdfu|Lsf] y'k|f] ;d]t nfu]sf] klg pgLx?n] atfP .
@= lhNnf
leq cfGtl/s / sltko cj:yfdf afx\o a;fO ;/fO a9]s]f kfOof] . vf;u/L s[lif pTkfbg
sd ePsf]n] / hLpwgsf] ;"/Iff, lzIff tyf cfo cfh{gsf nflu ;b/d'sfd jf cGo
;fgf] ahf/ If]qdf ;/]/ hfg] u/]sf] cj:yf kfOof] . h;sf] k|ToIf c;/ ufFpdf /xsf]
hldg afFemf] /xsf], :yflgo pTkfbg sd x'Fbf k|fo ;a}lrh aflx/af6 g} vl/b ul/
hLljsf ug'{kg]{ l:ytL /x]s]f b]lvof] . cfkm\g]f pTkfbgn] s]lx dlxgf dfq k'Ug]
sltko ls;fgx?sf] egfO lyof] . sltko :yflgo pTkfbgsf] d"No eg] clt
Go"g /x]sf] t/ aflx/af6 cfofltt lrha:t' pknAw ePklg dx+uf] d"No ltg{
dflg;x? afWo /xs]f cj:yf b]lvof] .
#= ;/sf/L
gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx? k|lt cfd hgtf sd hfgsf/ /x]sf] kfOof] . ;DalGwt lgsfox?df
hfFbf /fd|f] Aojxf/ gePsf], :yflgo ;/sf/ gx'Fbf vf;u/L uflj; ;lrj / j8f
;+of]hsx?sf] Psdgf dgf]dfgL rNg ;Sg] h;sf] sf/0f c;xof]u, e|i6frf/ / abdf;L
x'g] u/]sf] cg'ejx? ;'Gg kfOof] . xfn} ;DkGg :yflgo lgjf{rg / gj lgjf{lrt hg
k|ltlglwx?af6 s]lx /fxtsf] cfzfdf hgtfx? /x]sf]] ca:yf lyof] .
#= ljsf; /
k"glgdf{0fsf] gfddf cfw'lgs lgd{f0f ;fdfu|Lx? h:t} l;d]G6, kmnfd] 808L /
h:tf kftf cfbLsf] cfk'lt{ eg] a9]sf]df b'Odt 5}g . logsf] d"No clt g} al9
ePklg dfu pRr sfod ePsf] 5 . p;f] t HofdLsf] Hofnf a9]sf] s'/f :ki6 b]lvof] .
:yflgo ?kdf xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 Aoj;fo lgs} km:6fPsf] 5 . ;]jf ;'ljwfx? h] h:tf] eP klg ld7f] af]ln ub}{
ljb]zL lgsfo, ltgsf sd{rf/L / bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 rsf]{ z'Ns cz'n]sf] cj:yf
a'lemof] . sltko cj:yfdf :yflgo :jf:Yo rf}sL / uflj; ejg g} lgdf{0f gePsf] t/
ef}lts ?kdf b]lvg] ;8s oftfoft nfO{ dfq ljsf; a'em\g] :yflgo cj:yfdf ;fdflhs
cfly{s ?kdf ;d'bfonfO{ s;/L cfTdlge{/ / ;s[o agfpg] vfnsf sfo{s|dx? sd t/
k"glgdf{0f / k"g?Tyfgsf gfddf afF8\g] ljsf;df clwsf+z ;+3;+:yfx? klg
efubf}8 ul//x]sf] dxz'; eof] .
$= o;f] t
e"sDkn] :yflgo :t/df sltko kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]ssf lardf obfsbf ldn]dtf] /
Psvfnsf] ;dfgtf NofPsf] klg ;'lgof] .
sltko ul/j ju{sf dflg;x? t c? ;dfg x}l;ot ePsf]df clt v'zL ePsf] klg
kfOof] . sltko kl/jf/n] /fxt ljt/0fsf s|ddf hLjgdf slxn} gb]v]sf] s'/fx? ;d]t kfPsf]df
xlif{t ePsf] kfOof] . o;/L dflg;df ljljw ;]jf ;'ljwfx? lng] s|d a9]sf] / ljleGg
s'/fx? h:t} vfwfGg / c08fsf] s|]6 ;d]t kfOPsf]df ;+3;+:yf / bft[k|lt k|lt
cfef/L ePsf] kfOof] . sltko ;fdfu|Lx? k|of]u gePsf] ;d]t u'gf;f] ;'lgof] .
%= lzIff /
:jf:Yo h:tf cfwf/e"t ;]jfx? k|efljt ePsf]df xfn lj:tf/} ;'wf/f]Gd'v /x]sf]
b]lvof] . c:yfO 6x/f]df ljwfnosf] k9fO ePsf] t/ sltko cj:yfdf rkL{ lgdf{0f, vfg]kfgL,
;/;kmfO tyf :jf:Yosf nflu klg ;xof]uL sfo{s|d ;+rfng ePsf] yfxf eof] .
^= s[lif
v]ltdf eGbf cGo a}slNks k]zf / a}b]lzs ;]jfdf ;d]t o"jfx?sf] hfg] s|d
a9]sf]n] sltko hldg afFemf] /xs]f 5 . sltok ;+3 ;+:yfn] lgoldt aLpaLhg nufot cGo
lrh ljt/0f ug]{ ubf{ ;fgf ;fgf s'/fsf nflu klg bft[ lgsfonfO{ kv{g], s'nf]
dd{t, 6|ofS6/, esf/L / cGo ;fdfu|Lx? ljt/0f u/]sf] cj:yfn] c?sf] d'v tfSg]
afgLsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf]] a'lemof] . olt
dfq xf]Og dflg;x?sf] ck]Iff clt a9]sf] 5 . Ps ufFpdf s'/f ub}{ ubf{ o; cWoog
6flnn] :jf:Yosf] cj:yf s] 5 eGgf ;fy pgLx?n] Pp6f /fd|f] PDa'n]G;sf] dfu u/]sf
lyP . cGg tyf jfnL pTkfbg 36]sf], kmlnxfn] klg afFb/ / e08f/0fdf cGo sL6kt+usf]
cfs|d0f a9s]f 5 . :yflgo pTkfbgnfO{ cfofltt c:j:yhgs vfw / k]o kbfy{x?n]
lj:yflkt u/]sf] l:ylt 5 eg] dlb/f ljs|L / dbkfg a9]sf] klg pgLx? atfpF5g\ .
s[lifsf]
s'/f ubf{ kz'kfngdf sld cfpg yfn]sf] h;sf sf/0f b'w pTkfbg / ;]jg 36]sf] 5 .
uf]7]dndf sld cfpg'sf] ;fy} ansf nflu xn uf]? gkfpg] ePsf] 5 . t/ sltko cj:yfdf
eg] s]lx guGo hfu?s o"jfx?n] lab]zdf x08/ ;d]t vfO;s] kl5 ufpF kms]{/ s[lif
k]zf / jfv|fkfng ;d]t u/]s]f cj:yf klg e]l6of] . stfslt ?kdf s'v'/fkfng u/]sf]
t/ ;a} cfw'lgs bfgf ;lxt a|f]On/ hftsf ePsf]n] :yflgo hft eg] nueu nf]k ePsf]
cj:yf 5 eGbf km/s kb}{g . pt/L g'jfsf]6sf :yflgo tfdfu+x?n] k/Dk/fut ?kdf ug]{
u/]sf] r/g / e]F8f / Rof+u|fkfng cj Psfb]zsf] syfdf ;Lldt /x]sf] kfOof] .
oL dflysf
s'/fx?nfO{ lgofNbf xfd|f] b]zsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yf vf;u/L ;fgf ls;fgx?sf]
k/Dk/fut s[lif / hLljsf]kfh{g stflt/ hfFb}5 eGg sl7g /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/n]
tf]ssf] Hofnfb/df s;}n] sfd gug]{, s]lx lbgsf] tflnd lnPsf :yflgo 8sdL{ tyf
l;sdL{x?sf] Hofnf pRr ePsf]n] sfd nufpg klg sl7g ePsf]df cfd ;d'bfo lbSs 5g\ . cfw'lgs
hLjgz}nL, nQfsk8fsf] ;fy{} vfglkgdf cfPsf] cfd'n kl/jt{g;+u} ahf/af6 cfpg]
Kofs]6sf tof/L vfgf, lrK;, rfprfp cflbdf dflg;x?sf] df]x a9]sf] cj:yf 5 . h;sf]
nflu dx+uf] d"No ltg{ klg dflg;x? tof/ ePsf] t/ o;sf] dfgj hLjg / :jf:Yodf
kg]{ bL3{ c;/sf af/]df s;}nfO{ jf:tf gePsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
