Khandbari Revisited

xfO:s'n k9\g vfFbjf/L :yfgfGt/

d}n] Onfdsf] dfnfky d'lg ;'Gtnfaf/L l:yt tTsflng cfbz{ dfljaf6 sIff * plt0f{ u/]sf] lyPF . d cAan dWo]sf] Ps ljwfyL{ ePsf]n] k|wfgcWofksn] 3/ kms{g em08} glbPsf lyP . @)$# ;fndf d lxdfno dflj vfFbjf/Ldf sIff ( df egf{ eP . t'lDnª6f/af6 ltgtfsf sIff ( / !) df sl/a @), @% hgf ljwfyL{x? vfFbjf/L hfGy] . h;dWo] d ;a} eGbf ;fgf] lyP . sl/a @ 306f PstkmL{ k}bn psfnf] r9]/ hfg' kg]{ . ;fFemdf kms{bf eg] bf}8]sf] ;'/df cln rfF8} 3/ k'luGYof] . cfhsfn h:tf] c/fdbfoL h'Qf rKkn klg lyPgg\ . Tolt dfq sxfF xf] / < ljxfg Ps nug 3/af/Lsf] sfd -3fF;kft_ u/]/ dfq xfdL ljwfno hfGYof}+ . jiff{bdf lxnf] / lxpFbdf w'nfDd] x'g] . 

Pslbg sIff ( sf] xfd|f] ;]S;gdf crfgs k|c h+u axfb'/ 7fs'/ cfP . s8f ldhf;sf pxfF;+u ;a} ;ts{ /xg] / 8/fpg] uy]{ . sIffdf 58\s] hfFr ug{ cfPsf /x]5g\ . pgn] s]lx xr'jf k|Zgx? Psfw ljwfyL{nfO{ p7fP/ ;f]w] . To;df xfd|L ;'ldqf bfxfn lbbL klg kl/g . pgL pl7g t/ Ps zAb klg lgsflngg\ . v} 8/n] xf] jf ghfg]/ xf] yfxf ePg . k|cn] pgnfO{ asfpg w]/} an u/] . cGtdf pgL sxfFaf6 cfPsL ljwfyL{ xf] eg]/ ;f]w] . d'vfn] ;fyLx?n] KjfSs elgxfn], t'lDnª6f/af6, pxfFsf] d'vaf6 klg Kof66 cfof], ToxfFsf ljwfyL{ t o:t} x'g . dnfO{ Tof] s'/fn] dgdf ulx/]f rf]6 k/of] . lognfO{ d klg b]vfpnf eg] em} Ovn] h/f uf8\of] . kl5 sIff ( sf] clGtd kl/Iffdf d}n] cfkm\gf] :yfg cAan ljwfy{L{x? dWo]df b/] .

csf]{ Ps lbg k|fy{gf ;lsP/ ;a} sIffdf e/v/} k;]sf /x]5g\ . d klg x:ofª km:ofª ub}{ sIffsf] 9f]s} lg/ s] k'u]sf] lyP, sIffut uLt ufpg] 306L alhxfNof] . ;fyLx? h/fsh?s p7]/ uLt ufpg yfn] . dnfO{ cfkt k/of] . xtkt ub}{ d klg leq uP . Psl5g kl5 k|cn] dnfO{ af]nfpg lkog k7fP5g\ . d n'?Ss eP/ pxfFsf] sfof{nodf uPF . s8f :j/df sIffut uLt z'? ePkl5 lsg sf]7fdf l5/]sf] egL ;f]w] . d}n] 8/fpFb} gd| eP/ eg], d k'Ugf;fy uLt z'? eof] . cfOGbf o:tf] gug]{ r]tfjgL ;lxtsf] s8f cfb]z lz/f]k/ u/]/ d sIffdf kms]{ . 

p;a]nf 6\o';g k9\g] / k9fpg] rng lyPg . ljwfnon] g} klxnf] rf]6L Psfw dlxgf sf]lrª sIff eg] rnfof] . d # dlxgf hlt 6]:6 kl/Iffsf] nflu vfFbjf/Ldf g} 8]/f ul/ a;] . sl/j @!* hgf ljwfyL{x? kl/Iffdf ;fd]n lyP . kl/Iffsf] glthf cfof] . d t t];|f] kf] eP5' . w]/} dfG5]x? rlst eP .

s]lx dlxgfsf] tof/L kl5 P;Pn;L klg lbof}+ . @)$$ ;fn df3sf] & ut] af6 xfd|f] kl/Iff z'? eof] . Tolx lbg tTsfnLg /fhf aL/]Gb|sf] vfFbjf/L e|d0f /x]5 . wgs'6f d'sfd agfO{ x/]s lbg k"jf{Grnsf] Ps lhNnf x]lnsK6/df p8\g] rng . cl3Nnf] ;fFemdf 6'l8v]ndf lgz'Ns 8s'd]G6|L b]vfpg] uy]{ . yfob dfG5] a6'Ngsf nlfu xf]nf . xfdLn] Tof] klg x]g{ EofpYof}+ . 

t/ kl/Iff /fd|};+u ;lsof] . d]/f] l;Dan g= dnfO{ clxn] klg ofb 5 . ))$!$! s], kl/Iffkmn cfof] . clxn] h:tf] d];]h website internet eGg] lyPg . uf]/vfkq x]g{ klg e/lbg t'lDnª6f/ Pc/kf]6{df hxfh s'/]/ a;]sf] 5' . ;fFem $ ah]sf] sf7df08f}+sf] g]kfn Pc/nfOG;sf] hxfhdf uf]/vfkq cfof] . d}n] d]/f] l;Dan g= vf]h], z'?df t d]/f] gDa/ g} e]l6Pg . km]n eOP5 h:Tff] ef] . t/ d t km:6 l8lehgdf kf] k/]5' . lhNnfsf # pTs[i7 ljwfyL{ dWo] d Ps lyPF . xif{sf ;Ldf /x]gg\ . ufpF3/, kl/jf/, ljwfno / lhNnfdf g} txNsf eof] . p;a]nfsf] k|yd >]0fL clxn]sf] P Kn; eGbf dfly h:t} lyof] . @)$% kl5 d}n] vfFbjf/L 5f8] . 

o;kfnL !@ jif{jl5 d km]l/ vfFbjf/L uPF . vfFbaf/Lsf] t d'xf/} km]l/P5 . p;f] t @)$% ;fn kl5 u[x lhNNff cfSsn em'Ssn cfpg] uy}{ . w]/} s'/fx? km]l/P5g\ . 3/ ejg, sn sf/vfgf, ;jf/L ;fwg, df]6/af6f], xf]6n Aofkf/ cfbL . zx/L 9+usf cfw'lgs 3/sf] lj:tf/, slt w]/} a}s, ;]n'g / ;fgf 7"nf xf]6nx? . 3/3/df df]6/;fOsn, xftdf df]jfOn, . t/ zlgaf/] xl6of -xKtfGtdf nfUg] lgoldt xf6 ahf/_ t p:t} . c:ktfnsf] xftfleq s]lx gofF ejgx? aGb} /x]5g . t/ sltko dflg;x? / bf]sfgx? eg] p:t} klg nfu] . jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f, s[lif v]lt / aGb Aofkf/ Psbd leGg . d}n] P;Pnl; ;sfpFbf ;Dd ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfdf g} ljh'nL aQL lyPg . dl6t]nsf] 6'sL afn]/ xfdL /ftL k9]sf] dfG5] . ljxfg gfssf] Kjfnaf6 sfnf] WjfF;f] lg:sGYof] . 

x/]s 3/sf s]flx g sf]lx ljb]zdf sfd ug]{ . ;s] o"/f]k jf cd]l/sf geP klg c/a jf dn]lzofdf . /]ld6\ofG;af6 cfPsf] k};f vfgkLg / gSsn emSsndf vtd . vfgkLgdf Aofks abnfj, :yflgo hftsf kz'kG5L, cGgkft s]lx 5}gg\, ;a} cfw'lgs / ljsf;] hftsf . ;a} lrh a|f]On/ s'v'/f h:tf . ljljw ;]jf ;'ljwf t a9]sf] b]lvof] t/ cfd hgtfsf] hLjg / ;dfh sNof0fdf s] s:Tff km]/abn cfP, To;sf] t cWoog g} ug{' knf{ . 

d}n] ef]6vf]nftkm{ klg hfg] ljrf/ u/] . p;a]nf aNntNn Pslbgsf] k}bn ofqfdf g'd k'lug] . pQ/Le]usf] of] sl/a #) jif{kl5sf] d]/f] ofqf . p;a]nf k}bn, clxn] t df]6/af6f] ag]sf] t/ ;8ssf] cj:yf clt hh{/, vt/f / lxnfDd] . ef]6vf]nftkm{ uf]nf;Dd ;8s lj:tf/ ePsf] ePklg o;df cem} Aofks ;'wf/ cfjZos /x]5 . lj/f6gu/b]lv lsdfyf+sf ;Dd lgdf{0flwg sf]zL /fhdfu{ ef/tLo / lrlgofF ;Ldfgf hf]8\g] ;aeGbf 5f]6f] ;s8 x'g]5 . 

xfn}sf] vfFbjf/L e|d0fdf d cfkm' k9]sf] lxdflj klg uP . s]lx yfg gofF yk ejgx? ag]sf /x]5g\ . k'/fgf] Pp6f dfq ejgsf] c+z clt hL0f{ cj:yfdf afFsL /x]sf] kfPF . sIff sf]7fx?, lzIfssf] sfo{fno, k':tsfno cfbL w]/} Aojl:yt nfUof] . ToxfF !@ sIff ;Ddsf] lgoldt k9fO eO/x]sf] 5 . tTsflng k|c h+u axfb'/ 7fs'/ eg] cf>ddf a:g] ;'g] t/ e]6 ePg . xfnsf k|c aL/ axfb'/ ;/ klg e]6\g ;lsPg .

o; lxdfljsf ljwfyL{ dWo] xfn g]kfn ;/sf/df % hgf t ;lrj g} 5g\ . gjlgo'Qm lgjfr{g cfo'Qm dfggLo lbg]z yklnof / ;+3Lo dGqfnosf ;lrj ;"o{ k|;fb uf}td klg olxsf pTkfbgx? x'g . cGo y'k} zfvf clws[t, ;'Aaf / vl/bf/x? t cgluGtL g} 5g\ . x/]s dGqfno / ljefudf lxdfljsf ;Gtfgx? e]l6G5g\ . olx k9]sf u};; / gLlh If]qdf klg c;Vo dflg;x? sfo{/t 5g\ . p;f] t xfnsf cd]l/sfsf nflu g]kfnL /fhb't 8f= ch'{g sfsL{ klg olxaf6 lgld{t x'g\ . d ;/sf/L lgo'QmL kmfn]/ u};;df k;]sf] dfG5] . dnfO{ s]lx k5'tf] 5}g, cfkm" h'g If]qdf ePklg b]z / ;dfhsf nflu s] ul/G5, To;n] dxTj /fVb5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . 

vfFbjf/L, @)&^ ;fn c;f/ & ut] .

Risks of foreign employment

a}]b]lzs /f]huf/L efn'sf] sGk6 .

xfn} g]kfnL cfd;+rf/ dfWoddf vj/x? cfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg vf8L b]zdf b"3{6gf / cGo s8f /f]usf sf/0f sf]dfdf /x]sf s]lx g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] af/]df . a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf gfddf 7Ug] bnfn, ljrf}lnof / Ph]G;L tyf :jodsf] AolQmut sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f oL / o:tf sof}+ o"jfx? ljleGg ;d:ofaf6 lk8Lt 5g\ . w]/} g]kfnLx?sf] a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfFbfsf] x[boljbf/s syf / a]bgfx? 5g\ .

d x/]s sfdnfO{ d plts} ;Ddfg ug]{ dfG5] . s'g} klg sfd cfkm}Fdf 7"nf] jf ;fgf] eGg] xf]Og, t/ o;nfO{ x]g]{ xfd|f] b[li6sf]0f dfq km/s xf] . ljb]zdf x/]s sfdsf] ;Ddfg x'G5 . t/ g]kfndf eg] k'/ftg ljrf/df of] cln km/s g} 5 . pRr lzIff, tflnd / wgcfh{gsf nflu lab]z hfg] rng ;+;f/e/ 5 . sltko t cfly{s ;d[l4 / efjL ;GttLsf] ;'/lIft eljiosf nflu ljb]zdf g} knfog x'G5g . 

d}n] g]kfnL sfdbf/x?n] jx/fOg Po/kf]6{df uf|p08 ;kf]{6 b]lv hxfh ;kmfO u/]s]f e]6]sf] 5' . bf]xf Po/kf]6{df ;/;kmfO / ;'/Iffsf] sfd ug]{ g]kfnL klg b]v]sf] 5' . kfgLhxfhsf ;'/Iff sd{rf/L, n08gb]lv hfkfg ;Ddsf ;fgf 7"nf pwf]udf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/x?;+u klg e]6]s]f 5' . cd]l/sf b]lv rLgsf xf]6n /]:6'/fFdf / cGo ljljw If]qdf sfo{/t g]kfnLx?;+u cGts[of u/]sf] 5' .

Vff;u/L a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu vf8L d'n's / dn]lzof h:Tff b]zx?df hfFbf ;fdfGo sfdbf/n] slt si6 / b'Mv ef]U5g xf]nf . Tof] t e'tmef]uLx?n] g} AofVof ubf{ /fdf]| x'G5 . t/ d}n] klg Psfw 36gfx?af6 ljb]z hfg] sfdbf/x?sf] lk8faf]w u/]sf] 5' . oL s]lx k|ltlgwL 36gfx? Dffq x'g . ljb]z hfg] ;a}n] o:t} ef]U5g eGg] d]/f] ts{ xf]Og . uPsf dWo] w]/}n] /fd|f] unf{g t/ s]lx k|ltztn] oL / o:tf jfWotf ef]U5g, slt t cue+u / ljdf/L eO vfnL xft kms]{sf 5g\ . b}lgs ?kdf s]lx d[t nfzx? afs;df ;d]t g]kfn cfpg] u/]sf] tYofs xfd|f] ;fd' 5 . o;/L vf8L / dn]l;ofdf hfg] ;fdfGo sfdbf/x?sf] s]lx lk8fhgs syf oxfF hf]8]sf] 5' .

;g\ @))# sf] l8;]Da/df d hfkfgsf] gfuf]ofdf ePsf] ! dlxg] tflnd ;s]/ 3/ kms{g] s|ddf lyPF . yfOn}08sf] ;'j0f{e"ld Pc/k]f6{df d}n] b]v]sf] ;fgf] 36gf xf] of] . ljxfg pHofnf] gx'b} # hgf o'jfx? cln xtf; / cl:y/ dg lnP/ j/k/ ul/xsf lyP . d}n] lgs}a]/ pgLx?nfO{ lgofn]kl5 ;f]w] sf] xf} / s] ;d:of eof] eg]/ . pgLx? t g]kfnL kf] /x]5g . Pshgf l;Gw'nLsf If]qL, csf{ dsjfgk'/sf tfdfª / t];f|] wg'iffsf ofbj /x]5g, t/ pgLx?sf] pd]/ !& jif{ eGbf dfly lyPg . d klg g]kfnL x'F eGbf t pgLx? d dfly g} emlD6P . Pp6fn] KofSs ;f]w] ‘bfO of] hUuf sxfF xf], clg oxfF ef? k};f rN5 ls rNb}g<’ d}n] pgLx?nfO{ ufnLsf] efiffdf eg] ‘ltdLx? sxfF lx8]sf< of] csf{sf] b]z -yfONof08_ xf], oxfF ls cd]l/sL 8n/ ls yfO ef6 kf] rN5 t’ . ;f]wk'5af6 yfxf eof] ls pgLx? dn]l;ofsf nflu cl3Nnf] a]n'sL snstfaf6 p8]sf /x]5g\ . t/ a}+ssdf xjfOhxfh /f]lsFbf pgLx? klg cf]n]{sf /x]5g . pgLx? cndndf /x]5g\, cem efiffut ?kdf klg sl7gfO ePsf] lyof] . 

s]lx ;dokl5 dn]l;og Pc/sf] sfpG6/ v'Nof] . pgLx? SjfnfnDk'/ pqg' kg]{ t/ Tof] ljdfg a}+ss klg /f]lsP5, ;fob ljdfg kl/rfl/sfn] c+u|]hL / dn] efiffdf pb\3f]if0f u/] x]fnfg ls l;w} SjfnfnDk'/ hfg] ofq'x? ljdfgd} /xg'xf]nf eg]/ . t/ pgLx?n] Tof] ;'g]gg\ jf efiff a'em]gg\ / ;a} p7]kl5 cGo ofq'x?;+u} p7]/ pgLx? klg ljdfg aflx/ cfP5g .

cfh tL # hgf o'jfx? s] ub}{ xf]nfg, o:tf cfnfsfFrf g]kfnL o"jfx? c?sf] nx}nx}df nfu]/ cGhfgdf ljb]lzbf slt sl7gfO a]x]fg'{ k5{ xf]nf . cfkm' hfg] b]zsf] ;d;fdlos lgod sfg"g, efiff / :yfgLo ;+:s[lt ghfGbf slt b08, ;hfo / sfg"gL emd]nfdf pgLx? k/]sf xf]nfg . 

To:t} ;g\ @))^ sf] hgj/L !@, g]kfndf df3] ;Gsf|GtLsf] lbg . j]nfotsf] :gftsf]Q/sf] k9fO ;s]/ xfdL -d / d]/L >LdtL Pstf_ g]kfn kms{g] s|ddf lyof} . stf/sf] b]fxfaf6 sf7df08f}sf] nflu xfdL stf/ Pc/df r9\of}+ . ;f] p8fgdf Ps hgf g]kfnL xfd|f] glhssf] l;6df cfP/ a;] . pgL ;fdfGo leqL sk8f, Gofp/f] cg'xf/, ;'?jfn / rKkndf lyP . z'?df t pgL s'/f ug{ klg lxlRsfP . t/ kl5 pgn] ;a} s'/f vf]n/ atfP . @, # ;fn clw vf8L uPsf /x]5g . bfª 3/ atfpg] g]kfnL -blnt_ y/sf cwa};] lyP . pgsf 3/df >LdtL / # 5f]/L /x]5g . cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f ljb]zLg' pgsf] afWotf /x]5 . t/ pgsf] nflu ljb]z t efn'sf] sGk6 h:tf] kf] eP\5 . 

pgsf] egfOdf sfd /fd|f] k/]g5 . :jf:Yo klg lgs} lju|sf] b]lvof] . vf;u/L pgsf] dgf];fdflhs cj:yf Psbd sdhf]/ lyof] . dflnsn] a:g vfg / ;dodf tgfvf klg glbPkl5 pgL efu]5g\ . kl5 t u}/sfg'gL ?kdf klg a;]5g\ . cGtdf g]kfnL b'tfjf;sf] z/0f k/]/ ofqfsf] sfuhft (travel document) agfO{ pgnfO{ :jb]z kmsf{OPsf] /x]5 . 

pgsf] ;fydf p;a]nfsf] %) stf/L l/ofn hf] sl/a ?= *)) g]kfnL a/fa/ dfq lyof] . ;f] k};fn] efl]nkN6 3/ hfg a;sf] l6s6 lsGg ;Dd k'Ug] s'/f pgn] u/] . d}n] pgnfO{ /ftsf] nflu af; / vfgfsf] nflu eg] t/ pgL dfg]gg\ . cfkmg]f ;fyLsf] sf]7fdf hfg] eGy] . d}n] nufO /fv]sf] @ jif{ k'/fgf] t/ Gofgf] Hofs]6 vf]n]/ lbP . pgn] gfO eg]g\ . ;fob df3sf] hf8f]df sfd lbof] g} xf]nf . t/ clxn] pgsf] s] cj:yf 5 < pgsf] gfd / cg'xf/ ;Dd klg ofb 5}g dnfO .

d]xgt u/] olx b]zdf lx/f kmnfpg ;lsG5 . sl/j ( jif{ cd]l/sf a;]/ klg d g]kfn cfPsf] dfG5] . ljz]if tflnd, cWoog / s]lx :jfcfh{gsf vflt/ ljb]z hfg' /fd|f] xf] . t/ cfkm' sxfF, lsg / s:tf] sfdsf] nflu hfb}5' yfxf kfpg' k5{ . To;sf nflu dfgl;s / zffl//Ls ?kdf tof/L klg x'g}k5{ . s;}sf] k|nf]eg / jxsfpdf k/]/ xfd kmfNbf b"b{;f ef]Ug gk/]f;\ . ck|Tofl;t ?kdf cfO kg]{ b'3{6gf afx]s, AolTtmut ;dem, ljj]s / ;ts{tfn] w]]/} 36\gfaf6 arfpF5 . To:t} hfg' clwsf] tof/L, 6f|lkms lgodsf] 1fg / Aoj;fo hGo ;'/Iff ;DaGwL tflnd cfbL clt dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . 

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